Time To End Affirmative Action

By BOB FRANCIS
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Published: June 18, 2012
Words: 78,975 (approximate)
Language: English
ISBN: 9781476446714

Short description

Affirmative action is premised upon the notion of equal racial ability and the need for government intervention to overcome the white racism that leads to disparate racial outcomes. This book examines the scientific and historical evidence demonstrating that genes, not racism, explain black academic underachievement and higher rates of poverty.

Extended description

Time To End Affirmative Action methodically reviews the scientific evidence on black-white differences in intelligence and the overwhelming argument in favor of a genetic explanation. Written for a lay audience, who need no previous knowledge of the scientific matters discussed, the book coherently and in easily understandable language makes the case that, instead of past or present racism, the statistics of black underachievement stem from innate differences in racial IQ. The evidence discussed includes the following:

1) The 100-year racial IQ gap that has persisted since testing began is reviewed and addressed by comparing the feeble environmental explanations for lower black IQ with the scientifically based evidence for a genetic one.

2) The neurological basis for IQ differences is explored, including a presentation of a model of the mind that neuroscientists use for understanding how intelligent thinking occurs, and numerous brain imaging studies that have identified some of th.. (Read more) Time To End Affirmative Action methodically reviews the scientific evidence on black-white differences in intelligence and the overwhelming argument in favor of a genetic explanation. Written for a lay audience, who need no previous knowledge of the scientific matters discussed, the book coherently and in easily understandable language makes the case that, instead of past or present racism, the statistics of black underachievement stem from innate differences in racial IQ. The evidence discussed includes the following:

1) The 100-year racial IQ gap that has persisted since testing began is reviewed and addressed by comparing the feeble environmental explanations for lower black IQ with the scientifically based evidence for a genetic one.

2) The neurological basis for IQ differences is explored, including a presentation of a model of the mind that neuroscientists use for understanding how intelligent thinking occurs, and numerous brain imaging studies that have identified some of the brain structures, like the prefrontal cortex and the arcuate fasciculus, that lead to individual differences in IQ.

3) Numerous studies demonstrate that genes play the dominant role in how an individual’s brain unfolds in the womb environment. We identify how genes control for the building of the brain structures that endow some individuals with brains better built for intelligence than others. We also detail how and why genetic differences between racial groups lead to distinct averages for traits like IQ that conform to a bell curve distribution.

4) Races evolve when natural barriers prevent interbreeding and they experience unique natural selection pressures in different environments that lead them down separate evolutionary paths. We look at the way natural selection adapts a population to an environment by changing trait averages through mutations and fluctuating allele distributions.

5) For 80,000 years, after exiting Africa, the ancestors of the modern white population survived in a cognitively challenging environment that pressured their brain-coding genes to evolve higher average IQ. Rising European intellectual ability shows up in a blossoming of symbolic behavior, greater tool sophistication, more complex forms of social organization, and the capability for rapidly evolving culture that anthropologists refer to as the European Cultural Revolution.

6) We review the history of black cultures from the stone-age to the present, including recent American history, to try to identify instances where black cultures have emulated white levels of achievement, as we would expect to happen were blacks genetically endowed with the same level of intelligence as whites.

The totality of the evidence leads to only one reasonable conclusion: during the time of evolutionary separation, the European population evolved higher average intelligence than blacks in Africa who retained about the same level of cognitive ability as when the races separated. The result was a 30-point white IQ advantage over blacks. When the affirmative action debate is viewed in the context of a comprehensive look at the historical and scientific evidence for lower average black IQ, the attempt to assign cultural and environmental explanations for lower rates of black achievement seems entirely unpersuasive. We can only conclude that affirmative action can never accomplish its goal of equalizing outcomes between the races, and that discriminating against whites to improve the statistics of black success represents unjust and inexcusable reverse discrimination with no long-term benefit.
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Tags

race, racism, evolution, intelligence, genetics, iq, affirmative action

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