Observations indicate that everything spins. In this page I consider classical ideas of planetary, galactic and atomic rotations (orbits and spins). What is dark matter and can galaxies have quantized orbits?
While exact formulas predicting N body orbits have not been, or may never be, discovered, the N body problem is solvable using computers. The computer would provide coordinate transformations between N Newtonian 2-body motions
Cosmology science is pure speculation group think tied to the expansion of the universe theories propounded by general gravitation and the Big Bang. Cosmology science tied to government and academia appears resisting new ideas in exchange for funding and survival.
When light spectra from distant sources are examined, they are found to be shifted toward the red end of the spectrum. What explains the redshift observations?
As determined by Hubble's law, this book finds that the value of the speed of light is constant within the Observed Universe. Beyond the Observed Universe, we do not know if the speed of light is a constant value.