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The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of calling in the military. As the military continues to increase retention goals despite budget constraints, it must adopt ways to better promote career growth and enhance life satisfaction for its personnel.
This study examines the political economy of post-conflict economic recovery in Rwanda and Burundi. These two countries, located in the Great Lakes region of East Africa, are commonly referred to as twins.
Despite having 22 member states in common, the European Union (EU) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) have been unable to fully cooperate since 2004. Chief among the causal factors for this divide is the persistent conflict between Turkey and Cyprus.
There has been much discussion about the necessity of conventional forces (CF) and special operations forces (SOF) to be interdependent at the tactical and operational levels to accomplish strategic goals as the United States (U.S.) military begins to adapt to changing threats in the world.
As the battle against the Islamic State unfolds on the battleground and in cyberspace, the U.S. government has declared its commitment to disrupt—and ultimately defeat—the terrorist group. The Islamic State, also known as the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant and ISIS, has become one of the most deadly and influential terrorist groups in the Middle East.
Syria's devolution into civil war over the last five years has left that country devastated. The conditions there raise several questions about the causes of pronounced socioeconomic stratification between the political elite and the average citizen, which steadily worsened after President Bashar al-Assad came to power in 2000 and eventually resulted in a civil war.
Since Russia's annexation of Crimea in March 2014, the relationship between the United States and Russia has regained the attention of America in ways not seen since the final days of the Cold War. Romania, a nation historically embattled between the East and West, positions itself as a stalwart ally of the United States against a resurgent Russia.
In a rapidly evolving world, the U.S. Navy must build an affordable, sustainable fleet of surface combatants that is capable of keeping pace with any threat. This can only be accomplished with a highly sophisticated fleet of reconfigurable vessels capable of meeting their service-life expectancy of 40 years.
The purpose of this study is to observe the budgeting practices of the government in funding contingency operations to determine to what extent a policy-maker's actions result in compromises among the sound public budgeting principles. To accomplish the objective, this study evaluates the evolution of budgeting practices used in funding overseas contingency operations.
Ideologically, Guevara was a true believer in the worldwide proletarian revolution. He saw in imperialism the encroaching arms of capitalism. In addition, he believed in an inevitable war between communism and capitalism and was convinced that he was an instrument of the inevitable victory of communism.
This research explores the feasible options and the strategic contracting considerations to facilitate U.S. Arctic strategic objectives, given the unique operating environment of the Arctic's geopolitical and geographical constraints and capability gaps.
Since Mao Zedong founded the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, it has fought in one major war and several skirmishes, and has frequently used military force in the form of coercive diplomacy. The pattern of China's use of force, however, has steadily declined over time.
For the last decade, Rwanda has been a darling of the international community in many respects. It is increasingly seen as a good place to do business. The Rwandan government has made great strides in reducing corruption.
To demonstrate how national-level decision-makers can gain and maintain public support for the use of force, by appropriately addressing these factors, this study compares Operations Just Cause and Promote Liberty in Panama with Operation Iraqi Freedom.
As the U.S. military prepares for the future, senior leaders and analysts alike expect that urban environments will play an increasing role in the operations we conduct. People are migrating to urban areas and the littorals at an increasing rate, which makes understanding the structure and unique challenges of working in these densely populated regions increasingly important.
This study addresses why some African leaders have succeeded in extending their mandates while others have not. Specifically, the study focuses on societal factors that impose constraints upon leaders attempting to extend or abolish term limits.
This study aims to illuminate the factors that have contributed to Chinese policy changes regarding UN peacekeeping operations. Using Yongjin Zhang's framework, it identifies four phases of evolution in China's UN peacekeeping participation: opposition, non-interference, cooperation, and participation.
In the early 2000s, public protests against U.S. military bases in South Korea soared. This thesis asks: Why has anti-U.S. base sentiment emerged and fluctuated in South Korea? It is argued that, since 1987, the democratization of South Korea affected the country's politics, economics, military, and society.
The Compact of Free Association (COFA), a 1986 treaty between the United States and the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), formalizes a specific type of shared sovereignty: free association between politically independent nations. The COFA intentionally compromises some aspects of Micronesian sovereignty by ceding limited authority to the United States.
Over the past decade, the People's Republic of China has increasingly used its economic might as a means of influence to pursue grand strategic objectives that some scholars believe are aimed at countering U.S. presence and influence in the Asia-Pacific region.
Decreasing supplies of fresh water, growth of the global population, and the transnational nature of much of the world's water resources have made global competition over water increasingly common. In Southeast Asia, Chinese hydroelectric dams at the Lancang Cascade have enabled China to control the headwaters of the Mekong River and threaten downstream states' access to this vital resource.
In 2015, the U.S. officially concluded combat operations in the Philippines ending the 14-year mission. The general view among experts is that Operation Enduring Freedom-Philippines (OEF-P) achieved its underlying objectives and the U.S. government concluded combat operations determining OEF-P met U.S. strategic goals.
The U.S. military cooperates more with the Colombian military than the Mexican military in combating drug trafficking in the Western Hemisphere. This thesis analyzes the international relations theories of liberalism, realism, and constructivism to help explain why.
This thesis analyzes the impact that reforms in civil-military relations can have on a military's effectiveness. Specifically, why did reforms undermine military effectiveness in Argentina but not in Chile? To answer this question, this thesis looks at both countries since democratization.
The protracted conflict between Chechnya and Russia ultimately led ethnic Chechen separatists to ally with Islamic jihadists at the turn of the 20th century. This thesis focuses on one product of this alliance: the emergence of female suicide terrorism (FST) in the first (1994-1996) and second (1999-2009) Chechen wars.
Cartels are known for their innovative smuggling techniques, across land, sea, or air, which allow them to clandestinely transport drugs across any point of entry into the United States. With this in mind, it is worth asking: why do cartels choose a certain drug smuggling technique over another?
This study investigates what factors influence the effectiveness of economic sanctions in changing behavior of targeted states. U.S. and UN leaders often turn to economic sanctions rather than military force to achieve international political objectives, believing that sanctions are as effective as, and more humane than, military force.
The U.S. response to the IED threat to HMMWVs was to procure the Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicle, a costly endeavor. The MRAP increased Soldier and Marine survival rates during IED attacks, but other aspects of the vehicle contradicted counterinsurgency strategy.
Data collected from Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard (PHNSY) is analyzed to investigate possible factors impacting the ability of maintenance activities to complete SSN 688-class submarine maintenance availabilities as scheduled. The analysis illustrates a systematic underestimation of availability duration due to the use of outdated historically based estimates.
Naval aviation is inherently dangerous. Recently, budgetary pressures have reduced flight hours across naval aviation. The author's experience as a naval aviator has allowed him to see that mishaps occur more frequently in a squadron when flight hours are reduced.
Millions of refugees have fled Syria because of directed violence from the Assad regime and by the Islamic State. The United States has a choice between admitting refugees to aid in human suffering, or to restrict Syrians based on security concerns.
Armed drones, technically known as MQ-1B Predators and MQ-9 Reapers, have become a preferred tool in U.S. counterterrorism operations. The use of armed drones in counterterrorism strategy, however, has spurred worldwide debate over the morality, legality, accountability, and effectiveness of the campaigns.
For the first time since the creation of the Special Forces branch in 1987, the Army authorized the creation of a new branch, the Cyber branch. With this, the Army joined the ranks of other organizations in this rapidly expanding arena. The Army found itself in a situation where it needed to quickly fill the positions required of this new branch.
New characteristics of the modern trade environment have the potential to undermine U.S. economic prosperity. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) claims that homeland security is inseparable from economic security and, as such, that the department has a role to play in supporting national economic security goals.
The purpose of this thesis is to examine why a peace agreement between Israel and the Palestinian Authority that would result in an independent Palestinian state appears increasingly unlikely.
This thesis examines why the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) struggles to implement economic and social reform. Analyzing interconnected political, economic, and social causes that manifest in the structure of the state and society, the resource curse, and market inefficiencies, the ultimate barrier to reform is the kingdom's political dynamics.
Small, commercially available unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are an emergent threat to Navy continental U.S. (CONUS) military facilities. There are many counter unmanned aerial system (C-UAS) tools focused on neutralization, and many sensors in place.
The high cost of sustainment of military systems, coupled with extended life cycles, has compelled the Department of the Navy to find innovative ways to sustain in-service equipment. Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, is one technology that demonstrates potential to provide novel warfighting capabilities.
Once hazard mitigation is included in a city's comprehensive plan, the region and its citizens are more prepared to respond to a potential natural disaster. The purpose of this study was to illuminate factors that encourage cities to include hazard mitigation within their comprehensive plans.
Organizations have many challenges with respect to managing and allocating office space. In addition to fiscal constraints on space and resources, organizations may face competing mission priorities and changes in mission requirements.
Japanese military normalization is a complex process—it is not too far from the truth to say it might represent a transformation of the nation—and for any such complex process there are multiple impetuses. This study organized by a categorical step-by-step analysis of the key driving factors of Japan's normalization.
Bureaucracy, with respect to complex weapon system acquisition, is blamed for many of the programs that fail to meet major milestone decisions. By defining bureaucracy, explaining several bureaucratic models, and introducing decision making in actual Department of Defense (DOD) acquisition, this paper displays acquisition impacts.
This thesis answers the question: How can recent changes in the educational environment be leveraged to improve K-12 education for military-connected children?
Although Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden are ethnically and culturally similar, and all relied on neutrality to protect their sovereignty prior to the Second World War, Denmark and Norway sought protection from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) after the war while Finland and Sweden still remain outside the Alliance.
India's maritime security strategy document, Ensuring Secure Seas, was released in 2015 and sets the Indian Ocean as a priority for India's foreign policy with the goal of maritime dominance. What are the driving factors that influence this new maritime strategy that elevates the Indian Navy beyond its traditional "Cinderella service" role?
This report is a technical and operational analysis of an airborne "hard-kill" laser-based anti-missile system for use on strike fighters. The analysis begins with a set of requirements and a concept of operations showing the function of the Advanced Airborne Defensive Laser (AADL).
Kazakhstan has managed to overcome a crumpling economy and ethnic tensions to become the wealthiest and most internationally respected republic in Central Asia: the only one to garner membership and leadership roles in the United Nations Security Council and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.
The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has invested billions of dollars to prevent illegal drugs, immigration, weapons, and currency from transiting across the U.S.-Mexico border. DHS has not created a sufficient standardized method to measure whether an investment in a security measure is cost-effective when combining assets.
This thesis is a comparative study of how three important factors—social, political, and economic inclusion—affect gender equality and inequality in the Philippines and in Indonesia. The disparity between these two countries as published in the 2016 Global Gender Gap Report serves as the analytical basis for this comparison.
This study examines the role that NATO and the United States play in the security policies of Finland, Norway, and Sweden, and Russia's views on the activities of the Alliance and the United States along its northern flank.